The Neuroinfectious Diseases Reshaping Global Public Health

Infectious diseases that affect the brain and nervous system are emerging as a growing public health threat. A recent article in Current Opinion in Neurology (August 2025) highlights pathogens like Oropouche virus in Latin America, Nipah virus in Asia, and the reappearance of measles in Europe—all capable of causing serious neurological complications.

These infections can lead to encephalitis, paralysis, or even chronic cognitive damage. Some are spread by vectors like mosquitoes (West Nile, Toscana virus), others via animals (Nipah, Hendra), and some, like measles, are reemerging due to declining vaccination rates.

Beyond their medical impact, these neuroinfectious diseases challenge healthcare systems with their rapid spread and long-term consequences. Strengthening surveillance, maintaining vaccine coverage, and preparing neurological services are key to managing this evolving threat.

Source: Current Opinion in Neurology 38(4):p 436-442, August 2025